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Takes an allele name and splits it into four parts: 取一个等位基因名，把它分为四个部分

​    1) species prefix 物种的前缀

​    2) gene name 基因的名字

​    3) allele family 等位基因家族

​    4) allele code 等位基因代码

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  For example, in all of the following inputs:

​    "HLA-A*02:01"

​    "A0201"

​    "A00201"

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  The result is a AlleleName object. Example:

​    AlleleName(

​      species="HLA", # species prefix

​      gene="A",  # gene name

​      allele_family="02",  # allele family

​      allele_code="01",  # allele code

​    )